■ adopted

adopted 与 adoptive 本来按照原有词义，adopted 是“被领养的”，adoptive 是“领养他人的”，所以“养父”应该是 adoptive father，“养子”应该是 adopted son。但是，实际用途中，往往发生混淆。

• ... he estate of the last of Janice's adopted parents (Erle Stanley Gardner, The Case of the Stuttering Bishop)…詹尼斯的养父母当中最后一个的房地产
• ... Mme. Gabrielle Osorio and her adoptive daughter... (Edward T. Cone, American Scholar, Summer 1973)加布里埃尔·奥索里奥夫人和她的养女…

而经领养而发生的其他关系，用 adopted 或 adoptive 都可以。

• adoptive sister 或 adopted sister义姐妹
• adoptive country 或 adopted country归化国
• ... who was knighted in his adoptive England in 1980 (Diane McWhorter, The New York Times Book Review, May 1, 1980)…他 1980 年在他归化的英格兰获册封为骑士。