| 词组 |
afraid |
| 释义 |
■ afraid1) 可以有三种搭配,一是 to be afraid to inf.,二是 to be afraid of + -ing,三是 to be afraid (that)…三种搭配的意义略有不同。 - He's afraid to die.他怕死(对死亡本身感到恐惧)。
- He's afraid (that) he'll die.他对自己会死感到担心(可能怕留下孩子没人照料,或是正在办一件事担心未办完,等等)。
- He's afraid of dying.则两种意义都有可能。
2) to be afraid to inf. 不可以有肯定的祈使句 (*be afraid to inf.)。但是可以有否定的祈使句。 - When he had contemplated this, an angel of the Lord appeared to him in a dream and said, “Joseph, son of David, do not be afraid to take Mary as your wife, because the child conceived in her is from the Holy Spirit...”(Matthew 1:20)正思念这事的时候,有主的使者向他梦中显现,说:“大卫的子孙约瑟,不要怕,只管娶过你的妻子马利亚来,因她所怀的孕是从圣灵来的…”(《圣经·马太福音》1:20)
3) be afraid to inf. 中 inf. 动词如果是自主有意识的动作,就表示由于害怕其后果而打算避免这样做。 - Even fools are afraid to lean against a rotten post.朽烂的柱子,是连傻瓜都不敢靠的。
- Although the figure seemed to be beckoning them, they were afraid to approach her.虽然那个人形似乎是在向他们招手,他们却不敢靠近她。
而动词 dread(也是延续状态的第一类动词)不但恐惧的意义更重,而且不着重“避免”的意义,甚至可以有“虽然害怕但无可奈何”的含义。 - I dread going to the dentist (*I'm afraid to go to the dentist).我害怕去看牙医。
- I dread to think what might have happened.一想到本来会发生什么事,我就不寒而栗。
- The dreaded moment finally came.担心害怕的时刻终于来到了。
名词 dread 也是如此。 - I have a dread of spiders.我害怕蜘蛛。
- His greatest dread is dying of cancer.他最害怕的是死于癌症。
- They lived in constant dread of being deported.他们老是提心吊胆,生怕被驱逐出境。
afraid 是对眼前已经存在的不利情况感到害怕,而动词或名词 fear 则带有心神不宁“不知道将要发生什么事”的意思;所以可以说 fear God,因为不知道上帝会对人施加什么赏罚,前途未卜;说 afraid of God 就有点突兀,仿佛对眼前的上帝敬而远之。 - The authorities were immediately suspicious of the apparitions; they feared that the large crowds attracted to them would encourage political dissent, particularly a Croatian separatist movement that was active in the region. (Michael Durham, Writer and Journalist, 1995)对于那些怪影,当局马上感到疑心;当局担心,被怪影所吸引的大批人群,会助长政治上的异议活动,尤其是当地很活跃的克罗地亚分离主义运动(这里的“担心”是对将可能发生的事没有把握)。
afraid 和动词(或名词)fear 的另一个不同之处,是 afraid 所害怕的不利情况往往限于说话者本人或是句子的主语,而 fear(无论动词或名词)则可以扩大为替谈及的他人感到担心。 - Great fears are held for the safety of John.人们对约翰的安全十分担心。
4) 和中文的“恐怕”可以并不是真的“害怕”而只是婉转拒绝对方的要求一样,英文的 I'm afraid(只有 I 可以,其他人称不可以,在这个意义上后面只能接上 that 从句 (that 可以省略,不能接上 of... 也不能接上 to inf.)也有同样的转义。 - I'm afraid I can't help you.我恐怕帮不了你的忙。
同样,这样的转义,在中英文都可以用来引入一个不利的消息。 - I'm afraid there's been an accident.恐怕出了事故。
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