| 单词 |
monovalent |
| 释义 |
monovalent, a.|mɒnəʊˈveɪlənt, məˈnɒvələnt|
[Hybrid f. mono- + valent.]
1. Chem. = univalent.
1869Roscoe Elem. Chem. (1871) 172 The elements of the first group combine atom for atom with hydrogen, they are monovalent elements or monads. 1881tr. A. Strecker's Org. Chem. 114 The Monovalent Alcohol Radicals.
2. Med.
a. Containing or being an antigen from a single strain of a micro-organism.
1930H. Child tr. Besredka's Immunity in Infectious Dis. iii. 44 The same conclusion,..that the streptococcus is unique, because the monovalent serum acts against all the human streptococci. 1960Jrnl. Amer. Med. Assoc. 19 Mar. 1230/1 The influenza pandemic which occurred in the United States in 1957–1958 provided an excellent opportunity to determine the efficacy of monovalent vaccines. 1968Amer. Jrnl. Epidemiol. LXXXVIII. 149/1 Group B received monovalent vaccine containing 400 CCA units of B/Maryland/1/59 antigen. 1972Clin. Sci. XLIII. 871 The monovalent influenzal antigen used was the strain AO/Swine (Shope) vaccine treated with desoxycholate to eliminate possible toxic effects.
b. Of an antigen or antibody: having only one site at which it can become attached to antibody or antigen, respectively.
1960Jrnl. Immunol. LXXXIV. 409 The studies..were carried out with antibodies specific for two haptenic groups of dissimilar nature... It was essential for the experiments involving hapten-antibody combination in vivo that the haptens be molecularly dispersed, since aggregation of hapten in vivo would result in the hapten no longer being monovalent. 1966Jrnl. Exper. Med. CXXIII. 229 Hapten-specific delayed hypersensitivity was only transiently suppressed by intravenous injections of monovalent conjugates of arsanilic acid and N-acetyl-tyrosine. 1970J. T. Barrett Textbk. Immunol. vi. 127/2 Monovalent (incomplete) Rh antibodies can be responsible for erythroblastosis. 1972McGraw-Hill Yearbk. Sci. & Technol. 142/2 The agglutinin used in this experiment was a monovalent rather than a divalent agglutinin, that is, a molecule which binds to the cell surface with its one remaining active site but which cannot cause agglutination because it lacks a second active site.
3. Cytology. = univalent a.
1906Rep. Brit. Assoc. Adv. Sci. 1905 570 Whether each half of the chromosome is to be regarded as a monovalent chromosome is doubtful.
Hence monovalence, monovalency, the character of being monovalent.
1890in Century Dict. And in later Dicts. |
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