| 单词 |
ritualized |
| 释义 |
ritualized, ppl. a.
1. Made into a ritual; converted to ritualism.
1882Froude in Edin. Rev. Oct. 319 They entered the ritualised churches, tore down the new chancel rails. 1932M. Gabain tr. Piaget's Moral Judgment of Child i. 16 The child handles the marbles at the dictation of his desires and motor habits. This leads to the formation of more or less ritualized schemas. 1976R. M. Keesing Cultural Anthropol. xvii. 369/1 Ritualized combat on the traditional ‘battlefield’ gives a vivid picture of one side of tribal warfare. 1978E. Erikson Toys & Reasons ii. 73 Any ontogenetic reconstruction of the relation of play to politics would have to begin with the meaning of ritualized interplay for the development of the individual ego.
2. Zool. Of an animal's action or behaviour pattern: not having its ostensible function but serving as a signal to other members of the species.
Some of the examples are better interpreted as pa. pple.
1942[see ritualization 1]. 1964G. B. Schaller Year of Gorilla (1965) ix. 239 Natural selection may act on such displacement activities by enhancing their effectiveness as communicatory signals; they may become stereotyped and be incorporated into a definite display—they become ritualised. The fact that the gorilla often places a leaf between its lips suggests that this curious gesture may be a ritualised act of displacement feeding. 1966K. Z. Lorenz On Aggression xiv. 241 All the culturally evolved norms of ‘fair fighting’, from primitive chivalry to the Geneva Convention, are functionally analogous to phylogenetically ritualized combat in animals. 1971Nature 18 June 469/1 The rutting conflicts of most species [of cervid] are largely ritualized, antlers serving the function of display more than as jousting weapons. 1978D. Symons in E. O. Smith Social Play in Primates 208 Because fighting entails serious risk, ritualized signals have evolved by which animals communicate aggresive intent and, thereby, avoid fighting. |
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